Dynamo-electric apparatus



C. MARCUS.

DYNAMO ELECTRIC APPARATUS. APPLICATION FILED JUNE 2?. 1918.

Patented Apr. 5, 1921.

2 SHEETS-SHEET I.

INVENTOR C. MARCUS. DYNAMO ELECTRIC APPARATUS. I APPLICATION FILED wuizr, 1918.

L 2 92 IT. ,E m Mm AH H MS 2 INVENTOR UNITED STATES GHARLES MARCUS, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.,

ASSIGNOR, BY MESNE ASSIGNMENTS, TO

BIJUR MOTOR APPLIANCE COMPANY, A CORPORATION OF DELAWARE.

DYNAMO-ELECTRIC APPARATUS.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Apr. 5, 1921.

Application filed June 27, 1918. Serial No. 242,157.

T 0 all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, CHARLES MARCUS, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of the borough of Queens, in the city and State of New York, have invented an Improvement in Dynamo-Electric Apparatus, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to dynamo-electric machinery, and with regard to the more specific features thereof, to such as are employed for current generation for motor vehicles.

One of the objects of this invention is to provide a practical and relatively inexpensive generator of the above type, whose output shall be suited to requirements under various conditions of operation.

Another object is to provide simple and easily adjustable means for maintaining a proper setting of a generator of the above t pe.

Another object is to provide means of the type last mentioned, compact in construction, accurate in action, and whose period of usefulness shall be long.

Other objects will be in part obvious and in part pointed out hereinafter.

The invention accordingly consists in the features of construction, combinations of elements and arrangement of parts which will be exemplified in the construction hereinafter set forth, and the scope of the application of which will be indicated in the following claims. Y

In the accompanying drawings, wherein are shown one or more of various possible embodiments of the several features of this invention, Figure 1 is an interior view of an end head of a generator embodying my invention.

Fig. 2 is a side view of my adjusting means mounted in position.

Fig. 3 is a detailed view of parts of said adjusting means.

Fig. 4 is a sectional view taken along the line eld of Fig. 3. v

Fig. 5 is a view in longitudinal section of an operating means for adjusting the third brush.

Figs. 6 and 7 are modified forms of operating means.

ig. 8 is a face view on a smaller scale, of a modified form of washer for the embodiment shown in Fig. 7

Fig. 9 is a view similar to Fig. l of a modifled form of my invention.

Fig. 10 is a front view of the exterior of the end head shown in Fig. 9 and Fig. 11 is a fragmentary view in longitudinal section of mygenerator showing the mounting of the automatic switch.

Fig. 12 is a detail sectional view line 12-12 of Fig. '9.

Similar reference characters refer to similar parts throughout the different views of the drawings As conducive to a clear understanding of my invention, it may be pointed out that as motor vehicles are ordinarily operated during the summer time with a much smaller current consumption for lighting and the like than in the winter, a. generator regulated for proper current production in the summer may produce insufficient current to maintain the battery in av proper state of charge during winter operation, and vice versa, if the generator be regulated for proper operation in cold weather, its rates of output may be excessive for warm weather use, to the damage of the battery. By my invention I provide a simple and easily operated. means for securing a proper setting of generators of the type in which automatic regulation is secured by the connection of the field coil to a brush offset from neutral position called a third or extra brush. I secure'proper operation for different conditions of use, broadly by providing for a ready shifting of the position of the extra brush so that the potential difference between the field terminals-and the consequent output of the machine may be varied. Thus, if the vehicle is to operate under conditions where an increased output is necessary the extra brush would be shifted to provide for along the t a. greater potential difference between the field terminals and vice versa where a. lesser output would be required.

Referring now to Fig. 1 of these drawings, there is shown an end head 1 of a four pole generator and the outline of its commutator 2. Disposed at neutral points are main brushes 3 and 4 of any desired construction. These brushes are shown one mounted in each of two brush boxes 5 secured to the end head as by screws 6 and 7 and the brushes are urged for suitable pressure against the commutator by springs 8. The main brush construction and manner of mounting need not be described in greater detail as my present invention does not reside therein.

My extra or third brush is shown at 9 and is preferably rigidly mounted on an adjustable brush plate 10. The extra brush 9 is insulated from brush plate 10, the brush plate having an elongated opening 11 therein which is completely filled by a corresponding piece of insulation 12. On one side of plate 10, there is another piece of insulation 13 which preferably extends beyond said opening as shown at 14 and on the opposite side of plate 10 there is a further piece of insulation 15 which is wider than opening 11 and extends beyond both of its sides as shown in Fig. 3. On insulating plate 13, there is supported a metallic brush rest 16 with an upturned portion 17 Brush box 18 preferably made of sheet metal has its sides extending through brush rest 16, insulating plate 13, 12 and 15 and a back plate 19 over which the ends of brush box 18 are bent as shown at 20. The sides of the brush box preferably have integral lugs 21 resting on brush rest 16, so that brush box 18, not only serves to hold brush 9, but also acts as a securing means for retaining plates 16, 13, 12,15 and 19 together near one end. A staked screw 22 serves to hold said plates together at the other end, there being a circular opening 110 in brush plate 10, completely filled by a piece of insulation 22 through which screw 22 passes. Brush plate 10 is preferably formed with a second opening 11' identical with opening 11, openings 11 and 11 being preferably formed symmetrically with respect toa diameter of the machine bisecting opening 110. By this arrangement it is possible by the use of the same parts to assemble my third brush unit with the brush in either of two positions on the plate 10, thus adapting one construction to different rotations of ma chines. Secured to upstanding portion 17 of the brush rest, thereis a coil spring whose end presses on brush 9, maintaining it in contact with the commutator at the proper pressure.

The brush plate 10 is preferably formed with two slots 23 and 24, one near each end, which slots are formed generally in an arcuate shape to permit a shifting of the plate 10 and with it of the brush 9 in an are having the axis of the machine as its center. The interior of the end head ofthe machine is formed with lugs 25 on which said plate rests and to which it is secured by screws 26, one passing through each of the ,arcuate slots'23 and 24. screws 26 as is apparent constrain the brush plate 10 when shifted to follow a circular path about the center of the machine and thus limit the brush to a similar path. I

To efi'ect adjustment of the extra brush,

One embodiment of this means is shown in Fig. 5. The third brush adjusting pinion is shown in this figure resting against the interior surface of the end head and formed with an integral circular flange 30 extending into circular opening 29 in the end head. A flanged bushing 31 is fitted into opening 29 from the exterior of the end head having its flange resting against shoulder 32 and having, also, an interior flange 33 encircling bolt- 34, which bolt extends through the bushing and isthreaded to the interior of the pinion as at 35, the bolt being formed with a fillister head as shown at 51. The bushing is preferably keyed to the pinion as shown at 36 and a coil spring 37 preferably surrounds the shank of bolt 34, one

end pressing against the head of said bolt and the other against the inturned flange 33 of the bushing. The spring thus acts to urge flange 31 of the bushing against the cooperating shoulder, and the pinion 28 against the interior of the end head, thus keeping the pinion from accidentally turning. A lead slug 38 preferably closes the opening in the end head and is formed with some distinguishing mark therein which must be destroyed as is obvious when adjustment is attempted. Tampering without detection by unauthorized persons is thus avoided.

In Fig. 6, I have shown a modified device for operating the pinion 28. I have here provided a setting key 39 readily operable from the exterior of the machine.

is seen is closely similar to that of Fig. 5 and elements corresponding to those of Fig. 5 have been supplied with the same reference numerals as Fig. 5 primed. Bushing 31 in this modification preferably extends beyond the exterior surface of the end head as shown and key 39 preferably has a flange 40 fitting over said extending portion, there being ooo eratin corru ations 41 on coo eratin P s The gen- 'eral construction of this modified device as ing. Referring to Fig. 1, it is noted that key 39 is preferably located between stops 52 and 52' on the end head which confines the amount of adjustment between proper limits. An authorized person may bring about adjustment beyond such limits, if desired, by removing the key and turning bolt 34 by means of a separate tool.

In Fig. 7, I have shown another modification of my pinion-operating device. In this case, the pinion 28 is formed rigid with pinion operator 45 preferably by staking, said operator extending through an opening in the end headand being provided with a shoulder 46 resting on a corresponding shoulder in the end head. A coil spring 37 2 preferably encircles the operating member 45 with oneend resting against washer 47 in contact with pinion 28 The operating member 45 with-its attached pinion and encircling spring may be inserted as a unit through the exterior face of the end head and the two halves 48 and 49 of a flanged split washer are then to be placed in position, as shown in Fig. 7 with flanged portion 50 resting against a corresponding shoulder 50' on the operating rod, so that one end of the spring rests against said split washer. In this modification, also, I preferably provide a lead slug 38 for the purpose described in connection with Fig. 5. Although there are special benefits in the use of split washer 48, 49, I prefer to employ the unitary washer 69 shown in Fig. 8. This washer has a radial slot 70' adapted to be slipped over operator 45, and an integral flange 71 corresponding to flange 50 on the split washer.

It is to be understood that if desired, an operating lever may be applied to the-modification shown in Fig. 7 in a manner similar to Fig. 6.

The operation of the above described embodiment of my invention is substantially as follows:

If in the use of the embodiment shown in Fig. 5, the generator does not produce enough current to keep the battery in proper condition, an authorized person moves the .extra brush-9 in a direction to cause an in- The operation of the embodiment shown in Fig. 7 is similar to that-just ,described, except of course, that the friction to be overcome is at the contacting surfaces of operator 45 and washer 48, 49 or 69. with the end head; i

In case the modification shown in Fig. 6 is employed, the owner or operator of the ve-' hicle himself, by a. simple shifting of lever 39 may effect proper adjustment. One extreme position ofthe lever L is generally suitable for summer use, and the other extreme position for cold weather use, and when used only in such extreme positions at proper times the device will ordinarily operate satisfactorily. Of course, the lever may also be placed in any intermediate position to accurately suit the device to various conditions of operation.

It is to be noted that by the action of the spring in each of the embodiments shown in Figs. 5, 6 and 7, the pinion is held in such firm frictional engagement with the end head and associated parts that it offers a substantial resistance to turning. For this reason, the extra brush when adjusted to any desired position will maintain its adjustment in spite of vibration. The pinion acts as a locking means for the brush plate and its corresponding brush as no shifting of the latter can take place without a corresponding turning of the pinion.

If I attempt to avoid unintended change of setting by unintended shifting of the extra brush by a relatively tight securing of the brush plate,'it is clear that in attempting to effect adjustment, there will be a substantial strain on the cotiperating teeth of the pinion of the gear with a possibility of distortlon, breaking or excessively rapid wear of the gear teeth with consequent necessity for repair or replacement.

brackets in position and the other end of which is rigidly secured in the end head by screw 55. This bracket is preferably formed with an arcuate slot 56, the center of whose arc is at the axis of the machine. The third brush assembly is preferably secured in said arcuate slot as shown in Figs. 9, 10 and 12 and as described below. On one face of bracket 53, there is an insulating plate 57 on which is laid metallic third brush rest 58. The third brush box 59 is preferably formed with integral flanges 60 and screws 61 serve to secure the unit to bracket plate 53, said screws passing through-brush box'fiange 60, brush rest 58, insulating plate-57. opening 56 in bracket 53,- and washers 62, nut 63 securing the entire unit in assembly.

The end head is preferably formed with an'arc-uate opening 64 registering with the third brush unit. Nuts 63 are accessible through this opening. The opening is preferably covered by a sheet metal inclosure 65, secured in position by screws 66 preferably covered by lead slugs as and for the purpose of slug 38 in F ig; 5.

hen adjustment of the position of the third brush is desired an authorized person removes cover plate 65, loosens nuts 63 and shifts the third brush unit within slot 56 until the third brush is in the proper position whereupon he again tightens nuts 63 and replaces the cover plate 65.

In Figs. 9 and 11, I have also shown an automatic switch 67 disposed within the end head 1 between main brush unit 3' and bracket 53. The detailed construction of this automatic switch is no part of my present invention and need not be set forth, it may simply be noted that switch 67 is preferably one of the automatic electro-magnetic type and that its function is to automatically establish a circuit between the generator and the storage battery when the voltage of the former is appreciably in excess of that of the latter, and to automatically break said circuit when the battery would otherwise discharge its current into the generator. As shown in Fig. 10, this main switch unit is secured to the face of the end head by screw 68 and extends between'the commutator and the curved surface of the end head, there being suflicient clearance for proper operation.

It will thus be'seen that there is herein described apparatus in which the several features of this invention are embodied, and which apparatus in its action attains the various objects of the invention and is well suited to meet therequirements of practical use.

As many changes could be made in the above construction, and many apparently widely difierent embodiments of thisinvention could be made without departing from the scope thereof, it is intended that all matter contained in the above description or shown in the'accompanying drawings shall limiting sense. I

Having described my invention, what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is: I 1. In an extra brush generator, in combination, an endhead, main'brushes, a plate, studs in saidend head passing through arcute slots in said plate, for permitting adjustment of said plate, an extra-brushbox insulatedly supported by said plate, an extra brush in said'box, an arcuate rack on said plate, a pinion operable from the exterior of said end head,-to adjust the position of said extra brush and mean's apart from said plate and said rack for resisting rotation of said pinion.

be interpreted as illustrative and not in a,

2. In an extra brush generator, in combination, an end head, main brushes, an extra brush, means comprlsmg. cotiperating elements one movable with said extra brush,

and one operable from the exterior for adjusting the position of said extra brush and means coacting with said means *last mentioned, and through said cooperating elements for securing said extra brush in any position in which it is set. V

3. In an extra-brush generator, in combination, main brushes, an extra'brush, a support for said brush, said support having a j rack thereon, a cooperating pinion always in engagement with said rack, and operable from the exterior to permit adjustment of engagement with said first element, and operable from the exterior to permit adjustment of said extra brush, and a spring oflering resistance to the operation of said second gear element and retaining said first gear element a alnst undesired displacement by reason of the-meshing of said gear elements.

6. In an extra brush generator, in combi I nation, main brushes, an extra brush, a gear element operably connected to said extra brush, a coiiperating gear element always in engagement with said first element, means whereby said second gear element may be operated from the exterior, and a spring interposed between said last'means and said second gear element, for ofiering resistance to the operation of said element. r

7. In an extra-brush generator, in COIIllJlnation, mam brushes, an extra brush, a rack operably connected to said'extra brush, a co-" operating pinion always in engagement with said rack, means whereby said pinion-may be operated from the exterior, and a spring interposed between said means and'saidpinion, whereby said rack will not accidentally 1 shift its position, and whereby operation of the cooperating gear'teeth.

8. In an extra-brush generator, in combination, a non-rotatable said pinion will not place 'excesive strain on v element, main brushes, an extra brush, means operably connected to said "extrabrush, and a cooperating means always in eng. ement with said first means, said second means being strongly biased toward said element, and operable from the exterior to operate said first means to adjust the position of said extra brush.

9. In an extra-brush generator, in combination, an end head, main brushes, an extra brush, 'a rack operably connected to said extra brush, and a cooperating pinion always in engagement with said rack, strongly biased toward the exterior of said end head, and operable from the exterior.

1 0. In an extra-brush generator, in combination, an end head, main brushes, an extra brush, a rack operably connected to said extra brush, a cooperating pinion inside said end head, and always in engagement with said rack, means extending to the exterior of said end head, whereby said pinion may be operated, and a spring between said means and said pinion, for placing said pinion in relatively tight engagement with the interior of said end head.

11 In apparatus of the character described, in combination, a third brush adj usting pinion, an end head having an opening with a shoulder, a bushing in said opening resting on said shoulder, said pinion resting against the inside of said head and being keyed with respect to said bushing, a

screw attached to said pinion, and a s ring adapted to urge said bushing and sai pinion toward each other.

12. In apparatus of the character described, in combination, a third brush adjusting pinion, an end head having an opening with a shoulder, a bushing on said opening, resting on said shoulder, said pinion resting against the inside of said head and keyed with respect to said bushing, a screw secured to said pinion, a coil spring within said bushing, and adapted to urge said bushing and said pinion toward each other, a lever keyed to said screw, a nut securing said lever to said screw, and a lead slug covering said nut.

13. In an extra-brush generator, combination, an end head, main brushes, an extra brush, a bracket plate having an arcuate slot, means for insulatedly securing said extra brush with respect to said slot, said means being accesible through an opening in said end head to adjust the position of said brush, and a sealed cover for said opening.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification this 6th day of June, 1918.

CHARLES MARCUS. 

